Ventilator associated pneumoniaUnderstanding epidemiology and pathogenesis to guide prevention and empiric therapy ScienceDirect Prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia Pulmonology HAP vs VAP treatment: a flowchart Surgical Focus Ventilator associated pneumonia is the most frequent presentation of hospital acquired infection of the lower respiratory tract. Microaspirations around the tracheal tube cuff and the formation of biofilm can lead to progressive bacterial spread in